tXhe¡c sshZr³ IpSpw_w

tXhe¡c sshZr³ IpSpw_w IqSpw_§fpsS Ncn{XamWv \mSnsâ Ncn{Xw. Ncn{Xs¯ \½Ä a\Ênem¡p¶Xp {][m\ambpw aq¶pcoXnbnemWv. hmbv samgnbmbpw, hcsamgnbmbpw, ]pcmhkvXp KthjW §Ä hgnbpw. tXhe¡c sshZy³ IpSpw_¯nsâ Ncn {Xs¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw hmbvsamgn¡mWp {]m[m \yw. hyàamb Ncn{X tcJIfm sXfnbn¡m³ km[yaà F¶ ImcW¯m am{Xw ]mc¼cyambn \½p¡p ssIh ¶ncn¡p¶ hkvXpXIÄ XÅn¡fbm³ ]änÃtÃm. GXm\pw al¯p¡fmb ]qÀÆoIcpsS tkh\ ^e§Ä aqeamWv Hmtcm IpSpw_¯n\pw t]cpw s]cpabpw ssIh cp¶Xv. Ime¯nsâ alnabpw Icp¯pamWv ]qÀÆnIÀ. Xe apdIfneqsS ssIamdp¶ X\nabpw ss]XrIhpamWv IpSpw _¯nsâ bYmÀ° k¼¯v. tXhe¡c sshZy³ IpSpw_ Ncn{X¯neqsS IS¶pt]mIp t¼mÄ ta¸dª \nco£W§Ä XoÀ¯pw {]kàamIp ¶p. Hmtcm Xeapdbpw ap³ XeapdIfnÂ\n¶pÅ hninã Zm\§Ä kzbw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯nbpw kz´amb t\«§Ä AhtbmSp Iq«nt¨À¯p `mhnXeapdbv¡p \ÂInbpw PohnXw kt´mj ]qÀ®am¡p¶p. tXhe¡c sshZy³ hwi ]c¼cbnÂs¸«hÀ temI¯nsâ \m\m `mK§fn NnXdn¸mÀ¡p¶p. R§Ä R§fpsS ]pcmX\ kmwkvIm cnI ]Ým¯e¯nepw ss]XrI¯nepw A`nam\n¡p¶p. ({InkvXp hÀjw 1670 t\mSv ASp¯v kmaqlnIambn hfsc D¶X \nehmcw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶ tXhe¡cbnse Hcp {_mÒW  IpSpw_¯nse Z¼XnIÄ ({InkvXp aX¯n hnizkn¨p ({InkvXym\nIfmbn. Cu Z¼XnIfpsS aI³ hncmS cmPKpcphnsâ in£W¯n Hcp {]ikvX I®p sshZy\mbn XocpIbpw XncphnXmwIqÀ almcmPmhnsâ amXmhnsâ I®ptcmKw NnInÕn¨p t`Zs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. CXn {]oXns¸« almcmPmhv At±ls¯ F. Un. 1740  sIm«mcw I®p sshZy\mbn \nban¡pIbpw B kvYm\w ]n³XpSÀ¨bmbn XpSÀ¶p t]mIp¶Xn\pw sshZy³ F¶ kvYm\t¸cv IpSpw_]cambn t]cnt\mSp tNÀ¯p FgpXp¶Xn\ I¸n¨p¯chmbn. C¶pw Cu IpSpw_¯nse ]pcpj·mÀ t]cnt\mSpIqsS sshZy³ F¶ kvYm\t¸cv D]tbmKn¡p¶p. sshZy³ kvYm\ eÏn¡pw A`nhr²n¡pw tImXawKe¯p ]nÅbpsS CS s]S hfsc hnes¸«XmWv.

am¸nf ho«n sshZy³ IpSpw_¯nse AwK§Ä kpdn bm\n ({InkvXym\nIfpsS CSbn F¶pw FhnsSbpw A²n Xob kvYm\w ssIhcn¨pt]mcp¶p. FhntSbpw AhcpsS kzm[o\w {]iwkmÀlamWv. XncphmXmwIqÀ cmPy¯nsâ dknUâpw {a´nbpambncp¶ tIW a¬t{Zm kmbn¸nsâ Ime¯v At±l¯nsâ {]tXyI I¸\ {]Imcw {]ikvX IpSpw_§fn \n¶pw A©v PUvPnamsc \nban¨p. AXn kZÀ tImSXn PUvPnbmbn \nban¨Xp tXhe¡c sshZy³ IpSpw_mwKamb sX§pwhnfbn D½p½³ sshZys\ Bbncp¶p. At±lw Xncph\´]pc¯p Xmakn ¨ncp¶ Ime¯v {InkvXym\nIÄ¡v Bcm[\bv¡mbn Hcp kvYew Bhiys¸SpIbpw Xncph\´]pc¯nsâ aÀ½ kvYm\¯v  kvs]³kÀ PwKj\n kvYew A\phZn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]mfb¯v C¶p ImWp¶ skâv tPmÀÖv HmÀ¯tUmIvkv ]Ån almcmPmhn \n¶pw PUvPn D½p ½³ sshZysâ ]cn{ia¯m e`n¨ kvYe¯mWv kvYnXn sN¿p¶Xv. X¿n eq¡v sshZy³ XncphnXmwIqÀ Kh¬saâv kszIt«dntbäv kq{]­mbncp¶p. At±l ¯nsâ kvacWbv¡mbn Hcp tdmUn\p Xs¶ eq¡v sebn³ F¶p \maIcWw sNbvXn«p­v. ]pfnaqSv PwKvj \n XpS§p¶XmWv Cu tdmUv. CXp kw`hn¨Xv At±l ¯n\v ]«W¯n D­mbncp¶ {]ikvXn H¶psIm­p am{XamWv.

am¸nf ho«n sshZr³ IpSpw_ Ncn{Xw bmYmÀ°yambncn¡m³ At§bäw bXv\n¨n«p­v. XmgawKe¯p aT¯nse IrjvW³ \¼qXncnbpw e£van A´ÀÖ\hpw {InkvXp aXw kzoIcn¨p am¸nfho«n Xmakam¡nbXp apX H¶mw Xeapdbmbn IW¡m¡n A©mw XeapdhscbpÅ hnhc§Ä BWv {][m\ambpw DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv. s]¬hgnbnepÅ hnhc§Ä tNÀ¯n«nÃ, UbdÎdnbn sshZy³ IpSpw_mwK§fpsS ]qÀ® hnhc§Ä DÄs¸Sp ¯m³ ]camh[n {ian¡p¶p­v.
]ckv]c kvt\l¯nsâ CujvafX Ipdªp hcp¶ B[p \nI ImeL«¯n Aktym\yw a\Ênem¡phm\pw D¶X apeyw ]peÀ¯phm\pw \½psS ]qÀÆoIcpsS \à amÀKw ]n³]äphm\papÅ Hcp ]T\v{KÙambn Cu IqSpw_ Ncn{Xw Xocs«.